Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2025-1-3 0:55:6

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.85.0-nightly (45d11e51b 2025-01-01)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: 45d11e51bb66c2deb63a006fe3953c4b6fbc50c2
commit-date: 2025-01-01
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.85.0-nightly
LLVM version: 19.1.6

CPU info

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             4
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-3
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                         25
Model:                              1
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
BogoMIPS:                           4890.85
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext invpcid_single vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                  Microsoft
Virtualization type:                full
L1d cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                           1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                           32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	700.13 µs* 620.71 µs*	3.1345 ms	874632	355446	311723	5.4662 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	321.13 µs	2.4929 ms	741295	303944	257153	3.9473 ms
bincode 1.3.3	523.39 µs	2.0015 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.8398 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	136.53 µs	1.4783 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.5235 ms
borsh 1.5.3	547.16 µs	2.1931 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5190 ms
capnp 0.20.3	479.61 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.7749 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	603.20 µs	4.8263 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.0118 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.2060 ms	13.294 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.0049 ms
databuf 0.5.0	260.97 µs	2.0782 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1127 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	718.16 µs	2.5361 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.7734 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	1.0059 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.4741 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	1.2512 ms	2.6023 ms	764996	315291	264898	4.1775 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.6264 ms	4.0802 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.6241 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	265.22 µs	2.1157 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.8521 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	645.00 µs	2.2289 ms	765778	311743	264518	4.1115 ms
postcard 1.1.1	427.06 µs	2.1670 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.7322 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.3709 ms	6.4643 ms	971922	372513	304122	4.9860 ms
prost 0.13.4	889.26 µs* 2.4307 ms*	3.3715 ms	884628	363130	315494	5.0611 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	249.95 µs	1.5921 ms* 2.1891 ms*	1011488	393526	326517	5.1918 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.3588 ms	3.1562 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.4220 ms
ron 0.8.1	11.435 ms	15.236 ms	1607459	449158	349713	6.1846 ms
savefile 0.18.5	189.23 µs	2.2189 ms	1045800	373139	311761	4.8111 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.4917 ms	4.8641 ms	1584946	413733	341439	5.1853 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	700.77 µs	2.0961 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1647 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	2.0125 ms	4.7509 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.0899 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	4.0691 ms	5.4481 ms	1827461	470560	361090	6.0782 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	2.0884 ms	4.6822 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.8915 ms
speedy 0.8.7	203.19 µs	1.7929 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5336 ms
wiring 0.2.2	191.34 µs	1.9977 ms	1045784	337930	276188	4.1892 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	73.674 ns*	167.78 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4743 ns* 2.0794 ms*	51.641 µs* 2.1566 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2374 ns* 595.01 µs*	10.557 µs* 605.00 µs*	7.5727 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	19.50%* 22.00%*	47.16%	80.46%	81.26%	73.70%	46.17%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	42.52%	59.30%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	63.93%
bincode 1.3.3	26.09%	73.86%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	52.14%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	24.95%	67.41%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	55.84%
capnp 0.20.3	28.47%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	37.25%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	22.63%	30.63%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.35%
ciborium 0.2.2	4.26%	11.12%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.42%
databuf 0.5.0	52.32%	71.13%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	61.36%
dlhn 0.1.7	19.01%	58.29%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	66.88%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	13.57%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	46.10%
msgpacker 0.4.5	10.91%	56.81%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	60.41%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.43%	36.23%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	54.57%
nanoserde 0.1.37	51.48%	69.87%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	52.01%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.17%	66.32%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	61.38%
postcard 1.1.1	31.97%	68.22%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	67.61%
pot 3.0.1	5.76%	22.87%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	50.61%
prost 0.13.4	15.35%* 5.62%*	43.85%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	49.86%
rkyv 0.8.9	54.62%	92.85%* 67.53%*	69.57%	73.39%	70.37%	48.61%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.05%	46.84%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	57.07%
ron 0.8.1	1.19%	9.70%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	40.80%
savefile 0.18.5	72.15%	66.62%	67.29%	77.40%	73.70%	52.45%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.15%	30.39%	44.40%	69.81%	67.29%	48.67%
serde_bare 0.5.0	19.48%	70.53%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	60.59%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	6.78%	31.12%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.58%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.36%	27.13%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	41.52%
simd-json 0.14.3	6.54%	31.57%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	42.83%
speedy 0.8.7	67.19%	82.45%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	55.66%
wiring 0.2.2	71.35%	74.00%	67.29%	85.47%	83.19%	60.24%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.68%*	6.29%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	50.01%* 0.00%*	20.44%* 0.49%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.74%*	100.00%*

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	6.6888 ms* 8.7435 ms*	9.6007 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	74.124 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	2.3978 ms	1.0176 ms	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.5601 ms
bincode 1.3.3	5.1554 ms	5.4500 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.4176 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	1.4109 ms	791.83 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	13.568 ms
borsh 1.5.3	6.3513 ms	4.5724 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	8.0771 ms
capnp 0.20.3	6.0746 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	78.571 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	9.9435 ms	49.630 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	90.392 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	67.922 ms	118.62 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	90.207 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.3953 ms	5.3075 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.1312 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	6.3582 ms	6.9132 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.0469 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	874.55 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	7.6990 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	18.313 ms	5.1424 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	10.223 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	121.16 ms	33.719 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	68.475 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.5560 ms	1.0993 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	8.0552 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	5.1138 ms	3.9807 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	8.0463 ms
postcard 1.1.1	489.74 µs	1.7265 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.0091 ms
pot 3.0.1	40.171 ms	72.932 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	79.156 ms
prost 0.13.4	7.7218 ms* 8.5576 ms*	15.449 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	71.262 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	237.14 µs	148.15 µs* 148.15 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	8.0166 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	15.186 ms	18.221 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	66.978 ms
ron 0.8.1	171.94 ms	236.83 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	149.03 ms
savefile 0.18.5	237.36 µs	238.43 µs	6000024	5378519	5345892	7.8059 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	22.150 ms	37.331 ms	15750015	8024540	6816643	91.887 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.5270 ms	4.7290 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.1571 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	34.956 ms	47.373 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	89.412 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	88.206 ms	85.051 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	152.18 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	53.177 ms	68.934 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	151.79 ms
speedy 0.8.7	238.00 µs	238.52 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	8.0244 ms
wiring 0.2.2	197.16 µs	351.71 µs	6000008	5378952	5345894	7.7279 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	104.88 ns*	2.1361 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4741 ns* 39.886 ns*	54.009 µs* 77.753 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2376 ns* 5.5732 ns*	48.391 µs* 38.734 µs*	77.444 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	2.95%* 2.25%*	1.54%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	10.01%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	8.22%	14.56%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.12%
bincode 1.3.3	3.82%	2.72%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%
bitcode 0.6.3	13.97%	18.71%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	54.67%
borsh 1.5.3	3.10%	3.24%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	91.83%
capnp 0.20.3	3.25%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	9.44%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	1.98%	0.30%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	8.21%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.29%	0.12%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.22%
databuf 0.5.0	8.23%	2.79%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	91.22%
dlhn 0.1.7	3.10%	2.14%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.18%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	22.54%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	96.34%
msgpacker 0.4.5	1.08%	2.88%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	72.56%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.16%	0.44%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	10.83%
nanoserde 0.1.37	12.67%	13.48%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.08%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	3.86%	3.72%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.19%
postcard 1.1.1	40.26%	8.58%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.61%
pot 3.0.1	0.49%	0.20%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	9.37%
prost 0.13.4	2.55%* 2.30%*	0.96%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	10.41%
rkyv 0.8.9	83.14%	100.00%* 100.00%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.53%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.30%	0.81%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	11.07%
ron 0.8.1	0.11%	0.06%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	4.98%
savefile 0.18.5	83.06%	62.14%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.03%
serde-brief 0.1.0	0.89%	0.40%	38.10%	64.58%	72.23%	8.07%
serde_bare 0.5.0	3.02%	3.13%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	90.93%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.56%	0.31%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.30%
serde_json 1.0.128	0.22%	0.17%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.87%
simd-json 0.14.3	0.37%	0.21%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.89%
speedy 0.8.7	82.84%	62.11%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.44%
wiring 0.2.2	100.00%	42.12%	100.00%	96.34%	92.11%	95.98%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.18%*	1.81%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	50.02%* 3.10%*	71.72%* 49.82%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 22.21%*	80.04%* 100.00%*	100.00%*

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	944.56 µs* 841.26 µs*	3.1501 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.0308 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	319.80 µs	2.0877 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.5081 ms
bincode 1.3.3	598.41 µs	1.8458 ms	569975	240525	232423	2.8660 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	143.20 µs	1.2719 ms	327688	200947	182736	763.30 µs
borsh 1.5.3	556.81 µs	1.7979 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.5012 ms
capnp 0.20.3	476.78 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	3.9064 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	790.89 µs	4.6235 ms	1109831	344745	274514	3.8221 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.7277 ms	10.752 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8157 ms
databuf 0.5.0	320.60 µs	1.7361 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3717 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	788.19 µs	2.6162 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.4692 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	3.2273 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	3.8091 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	953.56 µs	2.8456 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.7740 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.3494 ms	3.9748 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.7933 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	273.98 µs	1.9170 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.8540 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	613.22 µs	1.9650 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.3721 ms
postcard 1.1.1	448.51 µs	1.9944 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.4644 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.4699 ms	5.9653 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.2065 ms
prost 0.13.4	1.0811 ms* 2.7446 ms*	3.4650 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.4411 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	333.05 µs	1.4995 ms* 2.0417 ms*	603776	254776	220087	2.6981 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.4469 ms	3.0229 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.6900 ms
ron 0.8.1	7.0886 ms	17.195 ms	1465223	434935	343338	5.8685 ms
savefile 0.18.5	208.23 µs	1.8278 ms	566991	239362	232010	2.8841 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.3527 ms	5.3449 ms	1276014	373898	293679	4.0899 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	733.59 µs	2.3201 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.4755 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.8778 ms	4.7025 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8362 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	3.8522 ms	6.4889 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0847 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	2.2273 ms	4.6012 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.1046 ms
speedy 0.8.7	268.87 µs	1.5928 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.4977 ms
wiring 0.2.2	205.31 µs	1.8254 ms	566975	247810	225259	2.9360 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	73.796 ns*	409.57 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4746 ns* 2.2388 ms*	1.3561 µs* 2.2011 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2371 ns* 526.76 µs*	163.23 ns* 518.89 µs*	715.33 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	15.16%* 17.02%*	40.38%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	25.18%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	44.78%	60.92%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	30.43%
bincode 1.3.3	23.93%	68.91%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	26.63%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	25.72%	70.74%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	30.52%
capnp 0.20.3	30.03%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	19.54%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	18.11%	27.51%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	19.97%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.84%	11.83%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	20.00%
databuf 0.5.0	44.67%	73.26%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	32.18%
dlhn 0.1.7	18.17%	48.62%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	30.91%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	4.44%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	20.04%
msgpacker 0.4.5	15.02%	44.70%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	27.52%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.68%	32.00%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	27.33%
nanoserde 0.1.37	52.27%	66.35%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	26.74%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	23.35%	64.73%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	32.18%
postcard 1.1.1	31.93%	63.77%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	30.97%
pot 3.0.1	5.80%	21.32%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	23.80%
prost 0.13.4	13.25%* 5.22%*	36.71%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	22.18%
rkyv 0.8.9	43.00%	84.82%* 62.30%*	54.27%	78.87%	83.03%	28.29%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	9.90%	42.08%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	28.38%
ron 0.8.1	2.02%	7.40%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	13.01%
savefile 0.18.5	68.77%	69.59%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	26.47%
serde-brief 0.1.0	10.59%	23.80%	25.68%	53.74%	62.22%	18.66%
serde_bare 0.5.0	19.52%	54.82%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	30.83%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.63%	27.05%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.90%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.72%	19.60%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.54%
simd-json 0.14.3	6.43%	27.64%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.50%
speedy 0.8.7	53.26%	79.85%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	30.56%
wiring 0.2.2	69.75%	69.68%	57.80%	81.09%	81.12%	26.00%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.68%*	39.85%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	49.99%* 0.00%*	12.04%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.03%*	100.00%*

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	4.4539 ms* 2.4912 ms*	8.1901 ms	1664428	1264167	1216472	11.047 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	1.1967 ms	4.1850 ms	1372381	1091486	1037296	9.0580 ms
bincode 1.3.3	3.8918 ms	4.0699 ms	1811011	1115281	1025627	9.8469 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	699.03 µs	2.3095 ms	948499	857321	837658	3.0095 ms
borsh 1.5.3	2.9251 ms	2.8131 ms	1486162	1082357	1013550	9.6187 ms
capnp 0.20.3	2.3696 ms	†	2664040	1511895	1212087	14.007 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	3.2157 ms	18.005 ms	5878791	1655835	1431390	20.935 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	23.074 ms	53.974 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	21.013 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.2539 ms	3.7374 ms	1288257	1037579	984337	8.3754 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	4.9739 ms	6.7913 ms	1279599	1052061	1021161	8.2018 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	5.1126 ms	†	2273740	1408408	1235566	12.610 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	2.2666 ms	6.7114 ms	1424043	1128758	1110156	9.0698 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	30.338 ms	17.926 ms	1728519	1247642	1233323	11.521 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.2752 ms	2.8912 ms	1770477	1108304	1029947	9.6629 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	2.7773 ms	3.1035 ms	1288257	1039269	986510	8.3478 ms
postcard 1.1.1	2.0984 ms	4.1400 ms	1279599	1058243	1016738	8.3077 ms
pot 3.0.1	13.916 ms	30.080 ms	2544810	1447453	1268390	15.114 ms
prost 0.13.4	4.8770 ms* 8.7255 ms*	8.8930 ms	1818378	1307777	1266311	11.378 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	984.69 µs	2.1599 ms* 2.5815 ms*	2029080	1351984	1183990	12.604 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.082 ms	10.620 ms	1703813	1231892	1200208	10.801 ms
ron 0.8.1	36.273 ms	86.537 ms	8476284	2181196	1783971	33.106 ms
savefile 0.18.5	830.87 µs	2.7561 ms	1750226	1101682	1027828	9.9352 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	6.7263 ms	21.320 ms	6796949	1754624	1533223	23.122 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.9342 ms	4.7217 ms	1288257	1037597	984356	8.4425 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	9.6202 ms	20.534 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	20.984 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	21.782 ms	29.113 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	33.619 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	11.384 ms	24.865 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	33.640 ms
speedy 0.8.7	749.45 µs	2.4399 ms	1546963	1093532	1013443	9.4517 ms
wiring 0.2.2	630.13 µs	2.7263 ms	1750210	1129857	1058906	10.074 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	73.628 ns*	953.68 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4748 ns* 5.2701 ms*	2.6285 µs* 5.1861 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2378 ns* 423.47 µs*	438.35 ns* 424.84 µs*	237.29 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	14.15%* 25.29%*	26.37%	56.99%	67.82%	68.86%	27.24%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	52.66%	51.61%	69.11%	78.55%	80.75%	33.22%
bincode 1.3.3	16.19%	53.07%	52.37%	76.87%	81.67%	30.56%
bitcode 0.6.3	90.14%	93.52%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	21.54%	76.78%	63.82%	79.21%	82.65%	31.29%
capnp 0.20.3	26.59%	†	35.60%	56.71%	69.11%	21.49%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	19.60%	12.00%	16.13%	51.78%	58.52%	14.38%
ciborium 0.2.2	2.73%	4.00%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.32%
databuf 0.5.0	50.25%	57.79%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	35.93%
dlhn 0.1.7	12.67%	31.80%	74.12%	81.49%	82.03%	36.69%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	12.33%	†	41.72%	60.87%	67.80%	23.87%
msgpacker 0.4.5	27.80%	32.18%	66.61%	75.95%	75.45%	33.18%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.08%	12.05%	54.87%	68.72%	67.92%	26.12%
nanoserde 0.1.37	49.41%	74.71%	53.57%	77.35%	81.33%	31.14%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	22.69%	69.60%	73.63%	82.49%	84.91%	36.05%
postcard 1.1.1	30.03%	52.17%	74.12%	81.01%	82.39%	36.23%
pot 3.0.1	4.53%	7.18%	37.27%	59.23%	66.04%	19.91%
prost 0.13.4	12.92%* 7.22%*	24.29%	52.16%	65.56%	66.15%	26.45%
rkyv 0.8.9	63.99%	100.00%* 83.67%*	46.75%	63.41%	70.75%	23.88%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	6.25%	20.34%	55.67%	69.59%	69.79%	27.86%
ron 0.8.1	1.74%	2.50%	11.19%	39.31%	46.95%	9.09%
savefile 0.18.5	75.84%	78.37%	54.19%	77.82%	81.50%	30.29%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.37%	10.13%	13.95%	48.86%	54.63%	13.02%
serde_bare 0.5.0	12.77%	45.74%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	35.65%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	6.55%	10.52%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.34%
serde_json 1.0.128	2.89%	7.42%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	8.95%
simd-json 0.14.3	5.54%	8.69%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	8.95%
speedy 0.8.7	84.08%	88.52%	61.31%	78.40%	82.65%	31.84%
wiring 0.2.2	100.00%	79.22%	54.19%	75.88%	79.11%	29.87%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.68%*	45.96%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	50.02%* 0.00%*	16.68%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.10%*	100.00%*

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)